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Elizabeth II, born in 1926, queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was born in London, the first child of the duke and duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Her sister, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home by a Scottish governess. After her father succeeded to the throne in 1936, Princess Elizabeth, as heiress presumptive, began studies in constitutional history and law to prepare for her future position as queen. As she became older, Elizabeth began to take part in public life. She was 14 years old when she made her first radio broadcast, a speech to the children of the Commonwealth of Nations in October 1940. When she was 16 she carried out her first public engagement, an inspection of the Grenadier Guards in April 1942. During World War II (1939-1945) Elizabeth and her younger sister were sent for safety from Buckingham Palace in London to live first at Balmoral, Scotland, and later at the royal lodge at Windsor, England. Although her father did not want Elizabeth to be called up for national service during the war, she herself was most eager to join the Auxiliary Territorial Service, the women's branch of the British Army. She was finally allowed to join in March 1945. On November 20, 1947, Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten, the former Prince Philip of Greece, at Westminster Abbey in London. He had become a British subject nine months earlier and was married under the title of Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh. A year later Elizabeth gave birth to a son, Charles. In 1950 she gave birth to a daughter, Anne. A second son, Andrew, was born to Elizabeth in 1960, and a third, Edward, in 1964.     |
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[...] | DIANA FRANCES SPENCER
Princess Diana (1961-1997), Princess of Wales from 1981 to 1997. Diana was born Diana Frances Spencer in Sandringham, Norfolk, England. Her father, Edward Spencer, was heir to an earldom, and her mother was the daughter of the 4th Baron Fermoy. Diana was educated at Riddlesworth Hall, a preparatory school in Norfolk, and later at the West Heath School in Kent. She attended finishing school in Switzerland at Chateaux d'Oex at Montreux. From 1979 until 1981 Diana worked as a kindergarten teacher at the exclusive Young England School in Pimlico, London. On February 24, 1981, her engagement to Prince Charles, son of Queen Elizabeth II and the heir to the British throne were announced. They were married in Saint Paul’s Cathedral in an internationally televised ceremony on July 29, 1981, with an audience numbering in the hundreds of millions. Diana was the first Englishwoman to marry an heir to the British throne in more than 300 years. The couple had two sons: Prince William Arthur Philip Lou is (born June 21, 1982) and Prince Henry Charles Albert David (popularly called Harry, born September 15, 1984). By the late 1980s, strains in the royal couple's marriage had been widely publicized, and in December 1992 a separation was announced. By that time Diana had adopted charity work as her royal duty. In 1993 she briefly withdrew from public activities in an effort to avoid the negative publicity focused on her separation from Prince Charles. Formal divorce proceedings began in early 1996, and in August 1996 Diana and Charles were legally divorced. After the divorce it was agreed that Diana would be known as Lady Diana, Princess of Wales, and would no longer be permitted to use the title Her Royal Highness. The couple had joint custody of their children. Diana actively supported many charities related to homeless and deprived children, drug abuse, breast cancer, and victims of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 1987 Diana sat with a man dying from AIDS and shook his hand, a gesture credited with promoting acceptance and compassion for people with the disease. She was the vice president of the British Red Cross and served as a member of the International Red Cross advisory board. In 1997 Diana visited Angola and Bosnia and Herzegovina in support of a Red Cross campaign to ban landmines. |
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